Yu, N., Yin, F.-S., Hwang, A.-L., Hao, P. L. C., Wang, S.-D., and Y.-L.Yeh, Hydrolysis of rice straw and rice husk to pentoses and the production ofacetic acid. Journal of The Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers 12: 127-140, 1981. del Rosario, E. J., Gonzales, A. L., Vilela, L. C., Capulso, S. A.,Pontiveros, C. R., Torillo, A. R. , de Ocampo, A. T., and R. D. Alolod,Production of sugar and alcohol from cellulosic agricultural by-products.The Philippine Journal of Crop Science 2: 1-11, 1976. Tauro, P., Production of ethanol from agricultural by products. Proc.RRAI Symp; PAU, Ludhiana, pp. 199-210, 1980. Fan, L. T., Gharpuray, M. M., and Y.-H. Lee, Evaluation ofpretreatments for enzymatic conversion of agricultural residues.Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symp. No. 11, pp 29-45, 1981. Anonymous, Alcohol from rice straw. Intensive Agriculture 19: 30,1981. Wilke, C. R., Yang, R. D., Sciamanna, A. F., and R. P. Freitas, Rawmaterials evaluation and process development studies for conversionbiomass to sugars and ethanol. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23:163-183, 1981. del Rosario, E. J., Fuel alcohol from agricultural crops and residues. In: Proceedings of theRegional Workshop on the Technology of Fuel Alcohol Production, University of thePhilippines at Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines, pp. 123-144, October 25-30, 1982. Rao, M., Deshpande, V., Keskar, S., and M. C. Srinivasan, Cellulaseand ethanol production from cellulose by Neurospora crassa. EnzymeMicrob. Technol. 5: 133-136, 1983. Gharpuray, M. M., Lee, Y.-H., and L. T. Fan, Structural modification oflignocellulosics by pretreatments to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis.Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25: 157-172, 1983. Anonymous, Alcohol from rice straw. Agricultural Engineering Today7: 23-24, 1983. Saddler, J. N., Mes-Hartree, M., Yu, E. K. C., and H. H. Brownell,Enzymatic hydrolysis of various pretreated lignocellulosic substrates andthe fermentation of the liberated sugars to ethanol and butanediol.Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium 13: 225-238, 1983. Grohmann, K., Himmel, M., Rivard, C., Tucker, M., Baker, J., Torget,R., and M. Graboski, Chemical-mechanical methods for the enhancedutilization of straw. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium No.14, pp. 137-157, Wiley, 1984. Mes-Hartree, M., Hogan, C. M., and J. N. Saddler, The enzymatichydrolysis and fermentation of agricultural residues to ethanol.Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium No. 14: 397-405, 1984. Ando, S., Ohno, O., Kiyoto, K., and S Hanai, Ethanol production fromsteam-exploded bagasse and rice straw. Hakkokogaku 65: 137-141,1987. Catahan, M. P., Ethanol fermentation of acid hydrolyzate fromsugarcane bagasse and rice straw by Pachysolen tannophilus. Abstractof Ph.D. thesis in agricultural chemistry submitted to the graduate schoolof the University of the Phillipines at Los Banos, 1985. Arai, M., Ooi, T., Hayashi, H., and S. Murao, Conversion of rice strawto ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.Hakkokogaku 63: 427-431, 1985. Taniguchi, M., Tanaka, M., Goto, T., Matsuno, R., and T. Kamikubo,Effect of puff cooking on structure and chemical properties of severallignocellulosic agrowastes. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49: 1243-1249, 1985. Deshpande, V., Keskar, S., Mishra, C., and M. Rao, Direct conversionof cellulose/hemicellulose to ethanol by Neurospora crassa. EnzymeMicrob. Technol. 8: 149-152, 1986. Miyakawa, H., Moriyama, S., Ishibashi, H., Shirasaka, Y., Mizutani, N.,Michiki, H., and T. Saida, Fuel ethanol production from cellulosicbiomass. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symp. 17: 345-354, 1987. Amin-Arsala, B. T., Roetheli, J. C., and M. R. Moore, Fuel andchemicals from rice processing waste: a new source of income and ruralindustry. Tennessee Valley Authority, January, 1987. Ando, S., Ohno, O., Kiyoto, K., and S. Hanai, Ethanol production fromsteam-exploded bagasse and rice straw. Hakkokogaku 65: 137-141,1987. Lewis, C., Energy from biomass: present reality and future prospects.Sci. Prog. Oxf. 72: 511-530, 1988. Rivers, D. B. and G. H. Emert, Factors affecting the enzymatichydrolysis of bagasse and rice straw. Biological Wastes 26: 85-95,1988. Ram, M. S. and G. Seenayya, Production of ethanol from straw andbamboo pulp by primary isolates of Clostridium thermocellum. WorldJournal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 7: 372-378, 1991. Grohmann, K., Wyman, C. E., and M. E. Himmel, Potential for fuelsfrom biomass and wastes. In Emerging Technologies for Materials andChemicals from Biomass. Rowell, et al, eds, pp. 354-392, AmericanChemical Society Symposium Series 476, Washington, D. C., 1992. Mohagheghi, A., Tucker, M., Grohmann, K., and C. Wyman, Highsolids simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pretreatedwheat straw to ethanol. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 33:67-81, 1992. Deshpande, M. V., Ethanol production from cellulose by coupledsaccharification/fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae andcellulase complex from Sclerotium rolfsii UV-8 mutant. AppliedBiochemistry and Biotechnology 36: 227-234, 1992. Xin, L. Z. and M. Kumakura, Effect of radiation pretreatment onenzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw with low concentrations of alkalisolution. Bioresource Technology 43: 13-17, 1993. Rakshit, S. K., Ghosh, P. and V. S. Bisaria, Ethanol separation byselective adsorption of water. Bioprocess Engineering 8: 279-282,1993. Anonymous, Cleaning the air with rice straw. Rice Journal, p. 25, May,1994. Chadha, B. S., Kanwar, S. S., Saini, H. S., and H. S. Garcha, Hybridprocess for ethanol production from rice straw. Acta Microbiologica etImmunologica Hungarica 42: 53-59, 1995. Chadha, B. S., Kanwar, S. S., and H. S. Garcha, Simultaneoussaccharification and fermentation of rice straw into ethanol. ActaMicrobiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 42: 71-75, 1995. Shoemaker, S., Vlasenko, E., Labavitch, J., Walker, R., Mielenz, J.,and B. Dale, Characterization of enzymic treatments of pretreated ricestraw. Comprehensive Research on Rice Annual Report, Project No.RU-10, University of California and United States Department ofAgriculture, pp 151-190, 1995. Moniruzzaman, M., Alcohol fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate ofexploded rice straw by Pichia stipitis. World Journal of Microbiologyand Biotechnology 11: 646-648, 1995. Moniruzzaman, M., Effect of steam explosion on the physicochemicalproperties and enzymatic saccharification of rice straw. AppliedBiochemistry and Biotechnology 59: 283-297, 1996. Anonymous, Stone & Webster to lead feasibility study, BoxboardContainers International, Vol 103 (8), 1996. Staniforth, A. R., Cereal Straw, pp. 89-168, Clarendon, Oxford, 1979. Chander, R., Rohatgi, K., and B. N. Johri, Agrowastes from paddy andsugarcane cultivation as a resource for materials. Journal of Scientificand Industrial Research 44: 607-612, 1985. Orskov, E. R., Potential for using agricultural waste as a valuableresource. In Chemistry, Agriculture and the Environment, Richardson,M. L., ed., pp. 31-45, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1991. Gannon, R. C., Californian bales. Rice straw for easy removal. RiceJournal, pp. 23-24, May 15, 1994. Han, Y. W., Microbial utilization of straw (a review). Advances inApplied Microbiology 23: 119-153, 1978. Taniguchi, M., Kometani, Y., Tanaka, M., Matsuno, R., and T.Kamikubo, Production of single-cell protein from enzymatic hydrolyzateof rice straw. European Journal of Applied Microbiology andBiotechnology 14: 74-80, 1982. Taniguchi, M., Tanaka, M., Matsuno, R., and T. Kamikubo, Evaluationof chemical pretreatment for enzymatic solubilization of rice straw.European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 14: 35-39, 1982. Tanaka, M., Song, G.-J., Matsuno, R., and T. Kamikubo, Evaluation ofeffectiveness of pretreating rice straw with n-butylamine forimprovement of sugar yield. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology22: 19-25, 1985. Tanaka, M., Song, G.-J., Matsuno, R., and T. Kamikubo, Optimalconditions for pretreatment of rice straw with n-butylamine forenzymatic solubilization. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 22:13-18, 1985. Tanaka, M., Song, G.-J., Matsuno, R., Matsuno, R., and T. Kamikubo,Optimal conditions for pretreatment of rice straw with n-butylamine forenzymatic solubilization. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 22:13-18, 1985. Araujo, A. and J. D'Souza, Enzymatic saccharification of pretreated ricestraw and biomass production. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28:1503-1509, 1986. Peiris, P. S. and I. Silva, Hydrolysis of rice straw to fermentable sugarsby Trichoderma enzymes. MIRCEN Journal 3: 57-65, 1987. Nakamura, Y, Mohammed, M., Nagao, M., Sawada, T., and M. Motoi,Modification of rice straw by steam explosion and enzymaticsaccharification of steam-exploded products. Kagaku KogakuRonbunshu 17: 504-510, 1991.